Left Atrium - The left atrium receives red, oxygenated blood from the lungs by way of the pulmonary veins.
 
Left Ventricle - Part of the heart, which pumps blood through the aorta into the arteries.
 
Left Ventricular Failure - A disorder where the left side of the heart fails to pump blood effectively. This results in a back flow (and high-pressure) of blood into the lungs.
 
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy - Adaptative condition of the cardiac muscle, which thickens due to some disease that is blocking the blood outflow from the heart (such as Aortic Stenosis).
 
Longitudinal - Along the length, running lengthwise (from the Latin longitudo meaning length).
 
Lungs - The organs used to oxygenate blood.